Moles (Nevi)

Moles (also known as nevi) are common, benign (non-cancerous) growths on the skin that are typically brown or black. They form when skin cells called melanocytes (which produce pigment) grow in clusters instead of being spread out throughout the skin. Most moles are harmless, but some can change in appearance over time, and in rare cases, they can develop into skin cancer (melanoma).

Key Features of Moles:

• Key Features of Moles:
  • Color: Moles can range in color from light brown to dark brown or black. Some may even be flesh-colored or pinkish.
  • Shape: Moles are usually round or oval, with a smooth, well-defined edge. Some moles can be slightly raised, while others are flat.
  • Size: Most moles are smaller than 6 millimeters in diameter (about the size of a pencil eraser), although larger moles can also occur.
  • Texture: Moles can be smooth or have a slightly rough texture, depending on the type.
• Location:
  • Moles can develop anywhere on the skin, including on the face, arms, legs, back, and even the scalp.
  • Some people may develop moles in areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face or hands.
• Types of Moles:
  • Congenital Moles: These are moles present at birth. They are typically darker and may be larger in size.
  • Acquired Moles: These moles appear after birth, usually during childhood or adolescence. They can develop over time and may change in shape, color, or size.
  • Atypical Moles (Dysplastic Nevi): These moles are larger, have irregular borders, and often vary in color. They may be a sign of an increased risk of developing melanoma.
  • Junctional Moles: These are typically flat, dark moles that form at the junction between the epidermis and dermis (the outer and inner layers of skin).
  • Compound Moles: These are raised moles that may have a mix of both flat and raised characteristics.
• Symptoms:
  • Most moles are painless and non-itchy.
  • They may be symptomatic only if they are irritated or injured, such as from shaving, scratching, or sun exposure.
  • Changes in a mole, such as bleeding, crusting, or itching, should be evaluated by a doctor, as these can be signs of melanoma or other skin conditions.
• Causes:
  • Genetics: Some people may inherit a tendency to develop more moles, particularly if they have a family history of moles or melanoma.
  • Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can stimulate the production of melanin, leading to the formation of moles. This is why moles often appear in sun-exposed areas of the skin.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy or puberty, can lead to the development of new moles.
• When to Be Concerned:
  • Asymmetry: One half of the mole looks different from the other half.
  • Irregular Borders: The edges of the mole are jagged, not smooth.
  • Multiple Colors: The mole has a mix of colors, such as brown, black, red, or blue.
  • Large Size: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters in diameter.
  • Itching, Bleeding, or Crusting: The mole becomes itchy, painful, or starts to bleed or crust.
  • Changes Over Time: If the mole changes in size, shape, or color, it’s important to have it checked by a healthcare professional.
• Treatment:
  • Observation: Most moles don’t require treatment unless they are causing discomfort or concern.
  • Removal: If a mole is suspicious or problematic, it may be removed by a oncodermatologist through a simple surgical procedure. The removed tissue is usually sent for biopsy to check for any signs of skin cancer.
  • Laser Removal: In some cases, especially for cosmetic reasons, moles can be removed with a laser treatment, but this method is typically reserved for non-suspicious, small moles.
• Prevention and Monitoring:
  • Sun Protection: To prevent the formation of new moles or changes to existing ones, it’s important to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure. This can be done by wearing sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher), avoiding tanning beds, and wearing protective clothing.
  • Self-Examination: Regularly check your skin for new moles or changes to existing ones, especially after sun exposure.
  • Oncodermatologist Visits: If you notice any changes in your moles or if you develop a new mole that concerns you, consult a oncodermatologist for a thorough examination.

Summary:

Moles are common, typically harmless skin growths that vary in appearance. While most are benign, changes in the shape, size, or color of a mole can indicate a risk of skin cancer (melanoma). Regular skin checks and sun protection are important for monitoring moles and protecting your skin health. If any moles become concerning, it’s best to consult with a healthcare professional.